Jeffersons Party essays

Jeffersons Party papers The view that many accept while contemplating our countrys political history is the Federalist Party was a committed supporter of a solid focal government. They accepted that the Constitution was an archive that should have been formed and changed so as to address the issues of the nation. The conventional perspective on the Democratic-Republican gathering is that they bolster states rights and feel that the vast majority of the administering of the nation ought to be done on the state level. The Democratic-Republicans, or Jeffersonian Republicans, likewise put stock in perusing the Constitution on a very basic level and award the administration controls that were tended to in the record. These perspectives are the essential principals that every one of gatherings depend on. It tends to be found in Jeffersons articulation to Gideon Granger that it, is definitely best that the states are autonomous and to everything inside themselves, and joined as to everything regarding remote count ries. As opposed to customary portrayal of both the Federalist and Democratic Republican gatherings, legislators would split away from the ordinary party stages and bolster gives that they felt emphatically about. For example, Daniel Webster, a Federalist from New Hampshire revolted against an excessively forceful government with the issues in regards to drafting residents into the military. The run of the mill Federalist would feel that a draft was important so as to guard the nation, and in spite of the fact that the Constitution didn't explicitly address the circumstance, alterations ought to be made for our national intrigue. Jefferson himself was a prime case of an optimistic lawmaker who put the benefit of the nation over his Republican qualities. The Louisiana Purchase was acted in a way with which numerous ordinary Democratic Republicans would contend against. Jefferson twisted and molded the Constitution into a record that permitted him to twofold the size of the nation. He was eager to bargain w... <!

A Violent Message in the Art of Popular Culture Essay -- Pop Culture R

A â€Å"Violent† Message in the Art of Popular Culture Numerous individuals accept that present-day music cause division, pressure, and at times savagery. In any case, it is recognized as workmanship in mainstream society. Craftsmanship in mainstream society rotates around activity motion pictures, TV sitcoms, and provocative tune verses, which have subjects fixated on express sexuality. Craftsmanship in mainstream society is exemplified in music, move, photography, and other work of art that grasps the ills of the world and recognizes that they are engaging the faculties of individuals who live in a not all that ideal world. Numerous pundits state that mainstream society is a result of age X. A destroyed gathering of individuals. What's up with mainstream society? For what reason do the people born after WW2 entertain this time of mainstream society a period of franticness? The appropriate response is obtrusively clear. Mainstream society acknowledges the blemishes of every one of its admirers and members. For instance, music in mainstr eam society is commonly esteemed as negative. Notwithstanding, a positive result is that it has a worldwide language and everybody around the globe can identify with what it conveys. Craftsmanship in mainstream society includes a typical language, particularly the specialty of music. This language dismisses the modern, edified, educated people. For example, mainstream society restrains the old, exhausting, old style music that worked out of a similar melodic word reference and reacted to similar harmonies. Though, music in mainstream society rejects agreement as being significant and values act of spontaneity that inhales nurturing cadence in non-basic harmonies. Music in mainstream society is a kind particular from both people and traditional music types. As indicated by The New Harvard Dictionary, it varied from the previous being made and notat... ...loaned in this nation. A few instances of Manson’s music, which can impact youth of today or could have ended the life of the youthful young person recently referenced are Dried Up, Tied Up and Dead to the World; Get Your Gun; Cake and Sodomy; Organ Grinder; Snake Eyes and Sissies; and so on. It is interesting how rap and hip jump is basically the main thing considered rough, however mainstream society originates from disorganized and brutal components. The two models above can vouch for the past proclamation. When taking a gander at different results of mainstream society, for example, slasher motion pictures with unequivocal sexual moments; syndicated programs that portrays American ladies as housewives or prostitutes; or individuals like Monica Lewinsky who demonstrates her drawers to wedded men, mainstream society music kinds are simply imaginative articulations that reflect cultural qualities in mainstream society. Now and again individuals don't care for the reflection.

How You Can Manage Psychosocial Stress

How You Can Manage Psychosocial Stress Stress Management Print How You Can Manage Psychosocial Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on November 12, 2019 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on November 12, 2019 istockphoto   More in Stress Management Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Psychosocial stress affects most of us from time to time and can take a significant toll. It is the result of a cognitive appraisal (your mental interpretation) of what is at stake and what can be done about it. More simply put, psychosocial stress results when we look at a perceived social threat in our lives (real or even imagined) and discern that it may require resources we dont have. What Is Psychosocial Stress? Examples of psychosocial stress can include anything that translates to a perceived threat to our social status, social esteem, respect, and/or acceptance within a group; threat to our self-worth; or a threat that we feel we have no control over. All of these threats can lead to a stress response in the body.  These can be some of the most taxing stressors to deal with, as they can make us feel unsupported and alienated.  This can make it more difficult to cope. When psychosocial stress triggers a stress response, the body releases a group of stress hormones including cortisol, epinephrine (or adrenalin) and dopamine, which leads to a burst of energy as well as other changes in the body (see this article on the fight-or-flight response for more.) The changes brought about by stress hormones can be helpful in the short term, but can be damaging in the long run. For example, cortisol can improve the body’s functioning by increasing available energy (so that fighting or fleeing is more possible) but can lead to suppression of the immune system as well as a host of other effects. Decoding Your Fight or Flight Stress Response Epinephrine can also mobilize energy, but create negative psychological and physical outcomes with prolonged exposure. Thats why its important to manage psychosocial stress in our lives so that the stress response is only triggered when necessary. Its also important to learn stress relief techniques to effectively reverse the stress response so we dont experience prolonged states of stress  or chronic stress. There are several ways to manage psychosocial stress, because it involves factors on the outside (what were dealing with) and the inside (our thoughts about it), and can affect multiple areas of our lives.  Here are some strategies that can help. Develop Your Conflict Resolution Skills Conflict is an almost inevitable part of a relationship.  People are going to have disagreements and are going to want different things.  The way we manage conflict can create significant psychosocial stress but if you can work on your conflict resolution skills, that can help at least half of the equation: you can change what you bring to the situation, you can diffuse some of the negativity, and you can model healthier behavior.  This can greatly minimize the stress felt by all involved. Effective Conflict Resolution Skills Focus on Supportive Friends and Avoid Drama If you think about it, you know who you can trust to support you and who you cant.  Simply spending more time with those who make your life easier and minimizing time spent with those who make you feel stressed can cut down on a lot of the psychosocial stress you experience.  It wont cut out all of the drama you experience, but it can stop a lot of it. Try a Shift in Perspective Sometimes we feel angered or threatened by things that dont affect us that much, and the stress we feel as a result isnt necessary.  Changing how you look at something, or just shifting what you focus on can make a difference in your stress levels--it can make something that seems like a big deal feel less so.  When put in a different perspective, everything can feel less stressful. Shift Your Perspective and Change Your Life Find Stress Management Strategies That Work for You Finding ways to manage your overall stress level can help you to be less reactive to psychosocial stress, or any specific stressor.  The key is to find something that works well for you and something that fits well in your life and with your personality.

Sample Critique Essay - 1366 Words

No Name 03/10/2012 WRTG 393 Part I: Technical Description Jailbreaking an Iphone An Apple iPhone is a popular multimedia, internet based smartphone sold and marketed by Apple, Inc. An iPhone can function as a video camera (video recording was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS was released), a camera phone, a portable media player, and an Internet client with email and web browsing capabilities, can send texts and receive visual voicemail, and has both Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity. The user interface is built around the devices multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard rather than a physical one. Third-party as well as Apple applications software is run on the iPhone to increase the functionality. These†¦show more content†¦Youll also need to know what version of firmware is installed on your phone. Third party applications can then be browsed, downloaded and installed with software such as Cydia, which is conveniently included in jailbreaking tools. Part II: Instructions How to jailbreak an iPhone and install third party applications. Jailbreaking a iphone can be a relatively simple task to do. There are two types of jailbreak you can perform on your iPhone, and they are a tethered jailbreak and an untethered jailbreak. 1) Tethered jailbreak: This method is not recommended, as it requires you to jailbreak your iPhone by connecting it to your computer every time you switch off your phone or if the battery dies. Usually, this method is only performed when a new software update for the iPhone is released and an untethered jailbreak method is unavailable. 2) Untethered jailbreak: This method involves connecting your iPhone to your computer once and jailbreaking it. After doing this, your phone remains jailbroken even after it switches off and you switch it back on again. In other words, the jailbreaking process is permanently done on your iPhone without needing to be done again if you reboot your phone. Of course if you wish to un-jailbreak your iPhone, it’s still possible by resetting via iTunes. So naturally this is the preferredShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sample and Design Critique1124 Words   |  5 PagesSample and Design Critique The purpose of this paper is to critique the design, sample and ethical issues used in the selected research studies. The article â€Å"The Experience of Patients Undergoing Awake Craniotomy† is a qualitative study. The overall purpose of the study is as Palese, Skrap, Fachin, Visioli, and Zannini, (2008) states, â€Å"Although different techniques are used, very little has been documented about how the patients feels, what they think about, or how they approach this type of surgeryRead MoreBenefits of a Statistics Course748 Words   |  3 PagesReflective Essay Considering Benefits of a Statistics Course Studying statistics can be daunting; with concepts and processes that are initially challenging, but as the learning process progresses one start to appreciate not only the value of statistics, but the way that statistics are already used in everyday life, without necessarily realization the underling statistical basis of the use. Reflecting on the course, looking at what was learned and the value it will provide for use in the futureRead MoreMedia Project1616 Words   |  7 Pagesis the connotations it conveys. 2. The concept is quite prevalent in feminist literature, specifically in the feminist critique in which most, if not all, the female characters are produced by men and male-oriented literature. However, gynocriticism isn’t immune to this technique as it could easily be exploited to further â€Å"radical feminism†. In the feminist critique, women are painted with the brush of stereotypes, omissions and sexist language; focusing on the negative attributes of womenRead MoreA Critique Of The Administration Of Intravenous Medication Administration Errors1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe aim of this essay is to provide a critique of two articles. The first article is, â€Å"Errors in the administration of intravenous medications in hospital and the role of correct procedures and nurse experience† conducted in Australia by Johanna Westbrook, Marilyn Rob, Amanda Woods and Dave Parry published on the 20th of June 2011. The second article is â€Å"Understanding the caus es of intravenous medication administration errors in hospitals: a qualitative critical incident study†, conducted in theRead MoreHow Personality And Individual Differences Affect Career Choice And Success1331 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss how personality and individual differences can influence and affect career choice and success. Personality is defined as a group of emotional, cognitive, and behaviour characteristics that make an individual unique (Matsumoto, 2009). Individual Differences psychology examines how individuals vary in their behaviour and personality and the processes that cause this to occur (Eysenck, 1987). While there are many different theories and ideas as to what job satisfaction actuallyRead MoreAcademic Writing Analysis Example969 Words   |  4 PagesThe essay aims to persuade the audience (i.e. tutor) against human cloning and expresses the author’s lack of competency in presenting his arguments. Based on the channel chosen to convey his message, the essay is, to a large extent, an ineffective piece of academic writing upon evaluation of its content, language and organization of arguments. This essay critique analyses and evaluates the above points. One of the essay problems includes the poorly developed thesis statement at theRead MoreAn Application for Automated Evaluation of Student Essay5644 Words   |  23 PagesCriterion SM Online Essay Evaluation: An Application for Automated Evaluation of Student Essays Jill Burstein Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road, 18E Princeton, NJ 08541 jburstein@ets.org Martin Chodorow Department of Psychology Hunter College 695 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 martin.chodorow@hunter.cuny.edu Claudia Leacock Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road, 18E Princeton, NJ 08541 cleacock@ets.org Abstract This paper describes a deployed educational technology application:Read MoreI Will Provide As Much Feedback1562 Words   |  7 PagesI will provide as much feedback as I can on the essay. It will not only include grammar and punctuation corrections, but I will address relevant feedback that comments on their analysis. I will ask questions on the paper to guide inquiry, for when the student receives their paper back and reviews the comments. I will write a paragraph describing their strengths and weaknesses that were visible, and what they will need to work on in order to improve for the next time. I would definitely require studentsRead MoreAnalysis Of Avatar1353 Words   |  6 Pagestargeting a variety of topics in the film, from its presentation of alien natives and a colonial corporate military, to race issues and a depiction of cigarette use. This essay attempts to explore main threads of the film, analyzing criticism, and offering its own critique and deconstruction. It will e mploy diagnostic critique, as well, in order to analyze how Avatar is equally a reflection of and an active influence on contemporary culture. Avatar takes place on the vibrant world of Pandora, createdRead MoreMission Statements For Small Family Businesses788 Words   |  4 Pagessince they may not have the same recognition has larger organization. A family business would need to develop a mission statement that effectively states their purpose and action plan to accomplish that goal. This essay will summarize the research report’s findings, offer a critique of those findings and how best to utilize mission statements for small family businesses. The author wrote the research paper to examine the relationship of vague terms used in mission statements for family businesses

How Did The Renaissance Transform Literature - 1009 Words

Jackson Pollock Mr. Vandebunte World Studies 27 October 2014 How did The Renaissance transform Literature? The Renaissance transformed today’s political and cultural themes along with Shakespeare’s plays by changing how they used English or their native language. The Renaissance was a re-awakening from the dark-ages. The word renaissance literally means rebirth. The Renaissance was fueled my soldiers returning from the Crusades. There was a spark of interest in artwork after. It used to be all about religion and God. Now there are paintings including actual people. There are more themes like science, environment and philosophy. As in Macbeth there were witches along with what the Scottish believed during this time period. They believed†¦show more content†¦It got to the point where he travelled around the world. During one of his journeys, one of his friends named Lawrence Koster gave Gutenberg a slab of greenwood with writing on it in sap. Gutenberg’s love for God grew much more after that so he had the idea of p ressing ink onto a sheet of paper. The Gutenberg’s Bible was the first ever-published book. In 1978, a 2-volume version of the bible was sold for just over $2 million. Showing how much the Printing Press and Johannes Gutenberg had an effect on out current literature. Thomas Hobbes was a philosopher during the time. His philosophy was that mankind always thinks about what better for themselves first rather than anyone else. Just like in Macbeth, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth were shadowed with wanting to be in power they did not want to wait. Lady Macbeth talked Macbeth into killing Duncan who was at that time the King. Hobbes also thought that human lives are short lived, dark and nasty. In Macbeth, Macbeth himself always felt guilt in what he had done. But at one point he felt very confident, like no one can touch him. His self-esteem fogged reality. The witches were telling Macbeth he could only be killed by someone not born by a woman. And that he would only get attacked if the forest got up and walked. When Macbeth sees what looks like the forest is walking. Which are actually Duncan’s sons coming back using wood bark for cover. He tried to stay calm. He kept saying that he could only

Mw Petroleum-Case Solution 2 Essay - 1615 Words

MW corp By michael_manly | Studymode.com Draft MW Petroleum Corporation (A) Background: In late 1990, the group of Amoco Corporation and Apache Corporation had begun talking regarding the possible acquisition of MW Petroleum from Amoco to Apache. MW Petroleum Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of Amoco Corporation which has its own reserves, management team and with full ownership in geologic and engineering data. MW Petroleum, a free-standing exploration company that was even as large as some of independent oil companies. It operated exploration and development for well, approximately working interests in 9,500 wells in 300 production areas. The growth of MW was very attractive to the other investors, which company grows 30%†¦show more content†¦Last January 2012, a subsidiary of Apache Energy Limited acquire 49% interest in Burrup Holdings Limited. They also acquired Wxxon Mobil Corporation’s Monil North Sea Limited assets including the Beryl field and related properties. 2 MW Petroleum Corporation before the Acquisition MW is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Amoco, which they have separate own reserves, management team and with full ownership and wide-ranging geologic and engineerinf data. It operated exploration and development for well, approximately working interests in 9,500 wells in 300 production areas. The company composed of three reserves which are the proved, probable and possible reserves. Each reserve contributes different revenue to the company. An independent petroleum engineering consultants estimates 264 million barrels on an oil equivalent basis. It estimates that the Proves reserves can produce 180.8 MMBOE, Probable reserves can produce 25.8 MMBO and Possible Reserve estimates of 57.1 MMBOE. MW Petroleum Corporation after the Acquisition The acquisition of Apache Corporation to MW Petroleum Corporation was one of the biggest highlights in Apache history. The deal close with the amount of $545 Million it triggers to double the size of Apache. It brought relative balance to Apache’s oil and gas reserves which strategize to partial hedge the oil price volatility. It shifted the center of Apaches geographical mass to theShow MoreRelatedFinancing Green Energy1470 Words   |  6 PagesInvestment in Green Energy Production Case Study-Indonesia Introduction The term Green energy refers to energy sources which have less injurious impacts on the environment in comparison with the traditional sources of fuel such petroleum, coal, natural gas etc. The use of green energy is intended to produce power without causing much harm to the natural habitat and also in a rather pollution free manner. Indonesia has been taking measures and been involved in policy reforms meant for facilitatingRead MorePower and Energy Crisis of Bangladesh13714 Words   |  55 Pagesnatural resource of the country might as well be exhausted. In this paper we have tried to present a current scenario of the power and energy sector of the country and also tried to project some future figures. We have also tried to provide some solutions to some keys problems that are faced in these sectors. Electricity Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is an ancient city. There is a public saying that Nawab of Dhaka installed a small generator in his residence Ahsan Monjil and startedRead MoreA Brief Note On The Country Of South Africa1287 Words   |  6 Pagestotality coming from hydroelectric production. However, during peaks times, especially in winter, the demand can go up to 120MW. Therefore, up to 50% of electricity has to be imported from Mozambique and SA. In terms of total energy consumed, biomass, petroleum, electricity and coal account respectively for 67%, 23%, 6% and 4% Twenty-four percent of households are electrified but only 5% of rural areas benefit from access to electricity in comparison to 65% in urban areas. With such a level of poverty (LesothoRead MoreEnergy Is The Most Outstanding Ingredient For Socio Economic Growth World Wide2802 Words   |  12 Pagesinvesting in long term energy solutions that alternative energy sources afford. In Africa, the real deal is, there is big gap between the demand and supply of final end-use energy which are mainly fuel and electricity. Considering the imperativeness of the fact that Africa energy issues cannot be solved in one paper, this research will focus briefly on energy resources, its status trend and projections, major challenges and the way forward for sustainability, taking Nigeria as a case study. Energy SituationRead MoreInjectable Drug Abuse1488 Words   |  6 Pagesthe root causes of the problem has been analysed and three simultaneous actions have been recommended as solution. Background The terrain of NE India has low hills and forest covers 52% of area. Mighty Brahmaputra, Meghna and other river and its tributaries bring out the potential of hydroelectric generation and inland-water transportation systems. The region generates less than 8% of its 63257 MW of hydroelectric power generation potential due to lack of infrastructure, road and rail communicationRead MoreThe Role Of Carbon Capture And Storage On Climate Change Mitigation4013 Words   |  17 Pagesreduction in greenhouse gas emissions is required to limit these risks and impacts ((IPCC), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007); (National Research Council, 2011). In particular, there is some consensus that this warming should be limited to 2?C above pre-industrial levels (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007); (National Acadamy of Science, 2011), requiring an 80%-85% decrease in global CO2 emissions by mid-century (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007)Read More Solar, Hydroelectric, and Wind Power cannot replace Fossil Fuels2123 Words   |  9 Pagesreplace them. The purpose of this study was to examine closely the three most common renewable energy sources—solar, wind, and hydroelectric power—as a solution to the â€Å"energy problem† of today and possibly the energy crisis of the future. However, solar and wind energy account for a very small percent of the energy used by the U.S. (nearly 2 percent), and the possible technologies being developed to increase their efficiency won’t be able to seal the gap between energy supplied by these renewableRead MoreWater Management9620 Words   |  39 Pages |Page | |1. |Theme |1 | |2. |Preface |2 | |3. |Introduction, Aim |4,5 | |PART- I Read MoreGeothermal Energy Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesEfficiency† conventional heating and cooling system (On which the above costs are based) of $22,000, the true difference of installing a complete geothermal system in your home costs approximately $7,400, which with the above savings will be payed off in 2 years and 10 months. After this point you will continue to save the $2617 per year. Based on Jay Eggs professional calculations, you will save $31,855 over the course of 15 years over installing a new â€Å"High Efficiency† conventional system, and $9,885Read MorePerformance of Ipo11029 Words   |  45 Pagesgovernments or public sector institutions can obtain funding through the sale of a new stock or bond issue. This is typically done through a syndicate of securities dealers. The process of selling new issues to investors is called underwriting. In the case of a new stock issue, this sale is called an initial public o ffering (IPO). Dealers earn a commission that is built into the price of the security offering, though it can be found in the prospectus. Basically, going public (or participating

Emily Dickinson and Frederick Douglas Literary Form free essay sample

The following paper introduces and discusses the works of Dickinson and Douglas, compares their backgrounds and discusses their beliefs with regards to literature . This paper compares the way in which Emily Dickinson is only concerned with herself and her art form, while Frederick Douglas is only concerned with ending slaving and has no concern about being skillful in his use of literary form. Included in this paper is a dialog where Dickinson and Douglas meet, and discuss what their writing careers mean to them. In the beginning, two authors could not seem more different. Frederick Douglass was born a slave, and his name was not even Douglass, he changed it later. After several owners shifted him back and forth between them, he ran away from his master, and eventually purchased his freedom. He spent his life working to educate the world about the plight of slaves in the United States. ;Though I was not a murderer fleeing from justice I felt perhaps quite as miserable as such a criminal;I reached New York Tuesday morning, having completed the journey in less than twenty-four hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Emily Dickinson and Frederick Douglas Literary Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such is briefly the manner of my escape from slavery and the end of my experience as a slave. Other chapters will tell the story of my life as a freeman;

Biological Surrogacy in the United States

Research Paper Thousands of women in the United States face difficulties with fertility. They suffer from numerous health problems, because infertility always leads to a huge moral pain. Society often views women, who cannot have children, as men-like and incomplete. Even the most expensive reproductive technologies do not help to solve female infertility problems. In this context, biological surrogacy and egg donation represent the two easy ways to help a woman become a mother.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Surrogacy in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Every year, the number of children born through surrogacy in the United States grows. However, the legal, ethical, and moral limitations of biological surrogacy should not be ignored. Women who agree to become surrogate mothers must prepare themselves for the moral and physical pains of separation with the child. Women who choose sur rogate mothers to carry their babies must be ready to accept the child, regardless of his (her) physical state at birth. At present, biological surrogacy resembles the act of trade, when the child’s genetic parents manipulate the surrogate mother, using their power and finances. Biological surrogacy can give some hope to the women, who have fertility problems, but only when effective legislation is developed to govern the relationships between biological parents and surrogate mothers. Biological Surrogacy: The Case of Tiffany Burke and Crystal Kelley Biological surrogacy has become so common in the United States, that it is no longer shameful for a woman to say that she is carrying someone else’s child. It is a source of childbearing hopes for many infertile women, as well as a good moneymaking opportunity for the women, who can bear and give birth to a child. Tiffany Burke, 31, is currently pregnant with the twins she is carrying for her brother and sister-in-law (Hud son, 2012). She is monitoring her health and calls herself as â€Å"60% organic† (Hudson, 2012). Tiffany says that the babies she is carrying were formed with her brother’s sperm and her sister’s egg (Hudson, 2012). She already has a child of her own, and she knows what it feels like being pregnant. It is interesting that Tiffany was the initiator of this pregnancy, after her sister’s uterus was removed as a result of uncontrolled bleeding (Hudson, 2012). She eats organic foods and uses vinegar instead of traditional shampoo. What she does not know is whether her pregnancy will go well for her, the babies, and the biological parents. She does not know what she will do, in case anything goes wrong. This is the question Crystal Kelley might have been asking herself, when a nice couple she met at the playground decided she could be their surrogate (Chapin, 2013). By the time Kelley agreed to become a surrogate, she already had two daughters and a tragic expe rience of two miscarriages (Chapin, 2013).Advertising Looking for essay on family law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She was fascinated with the amount of attention she was getting from the biological parents. However when, at 21 weeks, an ultrasound revealed considerable health abnormalities, the genetic parents offered $10,000 for Kelley to make an abortion (Caplan, 2013). Kelley refused and moved to Michigan, where she was free to control her body. She gave birth to a girl, who was adopted by the family that has enough financial means to raise her and meet her health needs (Caplan, 2013; Chapin, 2013). Biological Surrogacy: The Why and How of the Problem Why Women Do It Biological surrogacy raises numerous ethical and legal issues, one of them being the right to autonomy, privacy, and self-control. Still, the number of families which apply to biological surrogacy continues to increase each year. The basic question is why, despite so many ethical challenges, families choose biological surrogacy. The answer is simple: everyone wants to have a child of their own. The fact is that egg donation and biological surrogacy greatly increase women’s chances to become mothers. According to Steinbock (2004), a woman who is infertile and uses her own eggs for in vitro fertilization has a 15 percent chance to become pregnant, compared to a 40 percent chance for a woman, who uses donated eggs. The situation with biological surrogacy is quite similar: for many women who cannot get pregnant naturally, surrogacy provides the only real opportunity to have a child (Steinbock, 2004). Tiffany Burke, who is carrying the twins for her brother- and sister-in-law, understands how difficult it is not to have a child, and this is probably why she decided to sacrifice her body for the sake of pregnancy. However, Burke’s case is a rare example of nobility, unlike other cases, when surrogacy is just a matter of money and control. Biological Surrogacy as a Commodity With the absence of effective regulations, biological surrogacy resembles the act of trade, where the child is exchanged for a considerable sum of money, and the surrogate mother is just a physical means for having a baby. Commodification is one of the biggest ethical problems in the context of egg donation and surrogacy. Women who donate their eggs are paid between $2,500 and $5,000 (Steinbock, 2004). Chrystal Kelley was paid $22,000 for her pregnancy and could receive another $10,000, if she agreed to make an abortion (Caplan, 2013). Thus, â€Å"surrogacy for money is about money – not love, or help, or altruism or doing good. Money is most attractive to those who need it most† (Caplan, 2013). Biological surrogacy is very much like renting the surrogate mother’s womb for a good sum of money. Certainly, it is possible to say that everything in this world is bought and sold. Scientists sell their minds; lawyers s ell their knowledge of the legal procedures; and athletes sell their physical abilities and bodies to cope with their daily needs (Steinbock, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Surrogacy in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At times, individuals agree to sell their body parts and organs, when they have no other way to earn for living. However, they do not sell their souls or votes, because it is morally unacceptable. No one wants to be treated as property. Nevertheless, in most cases, this is what happens to the women, who have agreed to become surrogate mothers. No one says that biological surrogacy is absolutely wrong and should not be allowed. Rather, surrogacy cannot be permitted in its present-day form. It should be thoroughly regulated by the state, and it is state that should (or should not) compensate surrogate mothers for their noble decisions. Only then, biological surro gacy will become moral and acceptable, when no financial interests are involved. Biological Surrogacy and Body Control Another problem is that of biological surrogacy and body control. Women who agree to rent their wombs for money often have no voice in the medical and financial decisions regarding their body. Many of them understand that surrogacy is a huge responsibility (Hudson, 2012). For many others, the lack of control over their bodies becomes an unpleasant surprise during pregnancy. Crystal Kelley, who was asked to abort her child because of the health problems revealed during an ultrasound, received a letter from an attorney who was telling her that, under the surrogacy contract, she had no legal right to keep the child (Caplan, 2013). Under the surrogacy contract, she was required to make an abortion in case any health problems were identified (Caplan, 2013). However, no one can make a woman get rid of the unborn baby. Under no circumstances can this decision be regarded a s legal (Caplan, 2013). Even if the surrogate mother signs a contract, its provisions have no legal power. The attorney who was pressuring Crystal Kelley to seek an abortion can lose his license, because his letter was a serious violation of law (Caplan, 2013). Still, biological surrogacy increases the risks of exploitation. Even providing large monetary rewards for surrogacy can become a form of coercion. Many women cannot resist the temptation to earn some money for being pregnant. As a result, they turn themselves into a commodity. The money they receive for carrying and giving birth to a child may not be worth the risks of exploitation, which these women are facing. Kelley was threatened that, in case she refused an abortion, she would have to pay back the money she had received from the genetic parents (Caplan, 2013). She was manipulated to become a murderer of the child, which is equal to a serious crime. However, she was strong enough to withstand the pressure and give birth to a child.Advertising Looking for essay on family law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She had even more power and strength to find a family that would care for the sick girl. Looking back at Kelley’s case, it is possible to say that â€Å"any surrogate agency which conveyed an offer of money to encourage an abortion is guilty of at best bribery and an attempt to crassly manipulate a vulnerable woman† (Caplan, 2013). Now, What Happens Next? Now that the surrogate child is born, what happens to him (her) and how are his (her) relations with the genetic parents develop? This is the question, which matters a lot but does not receive enough professional attention. Biological surrogacy is often described as a process that starts with egg and sperm donation and ends, when the baby is born. Yet, it is clear that children who are born through surrogacy lack a physical and psychological link with their genetic parents (Golombok, Readings, Blake, Caset, Marks Jadva, 2011). Unfortunately, Tiffany Burke does not think of how the babies she is carrying will build th eir relations with the genetic parents. Crystal Kelley sounds quite confident that the foster parents she has found for her newborn girl will be able to meet her most serious health needs. Today, the children born through surrogacy do not differ much from their peers, who were born through natural conception (Golombok et al., 2011). Families that used surrogacy do not seem to be different from the families, which never experienced any fertility problems. Getting back to the ethics of biological surrogacy, what will the children born from surrogate mothers say to their biological parents, when they learn about their origins? How will they react to the fact that they were carried and born by a different woman? Will they experience confusion in terms of their mother-and-child roles? Will they treat the surrogate mother as a womb rented to give them life? These questions do not have any answers, as well as the questions related to the morality of biological surrogacy in the modern world . Many societies and communities feel that surrogacy is just another step towards a cyborg society, where robots and humans live side by side. Many others treat surrogacy as a huge hope for those women, who cannot have children. Many issues related to surrogacy remain unresolved. Meanwhile, many women do not even know what it takes to be a surrogate mother. Much of the current confusion regarding biological surrogacy is because of the lack of knowledge, information, and openness in relations between genetic parents and surrogate mothers. Those, who agree to become a surrogate, do not even imagine the difficulties associated with this role (Steinbock, 2004). With so many women having fertility problems, surrogacy should remain an accessible and affordable way to have a baby, but only when new regulations are developed to help surrogate mothers avoid exploitation, commodification, coercion, and harm. This is the only way biological surrogacy can save the society from the risks of a de mographic crisis and help infertile women become mothers. Conclusion When it comes to biological surrogacy, one of the central questions is whether it is justified. The results of this analysis show that surrogate mothers can provide thousands of women with a chance to become mothers. Surrogacy is a good alternative to more traditional adoption, since the child born through surrogacy carries the essential genetic features of his (her) parents. However, as the number of surrogate mothers continues to grow, the United States needs better regulations to control and manage this sphere. The cases analyzed in this paper suggest that women, who agree to be surrogate mothers, face numerous risks. First, they can be easily manipulated into becoming surrogates, because they are offered huge monetary rewards for being pregnant. Second, these women often do not know what it takes to be a surrogate and how it impacts their fundamental rights. Third, women who agree to be surrogates are subject t o exploitation and coercion risks. For example, genetic parents can push them towards an abortion, if they learn that the baby has severe physical abnormalities. This is why the United States needs a new set of laws and regulations to help surrogate mothers defend their rights to autonomy and decision making. The problem is not about biological surrogacy. Being pregnant with someone else’s child is neither immoral nor illegal, but when pregnancy does not turn into an object of trade. In the absence of a solid legal environment, surrogacy turns unborn babies into a commodity that can be bought and sold. New legislation will help protect the right of the unborn babies, while also making surrogate mothers less vulnerable to the risks of exploitation and abuse. References Caplan, A. (2013). $10,000 to abort? Surrogacy case reveals moral holes, bioethicist says. NBC News. Web. Chapin, J. (2013). Surrogate gives birth against biological parents’ wishes. NBC  News. Web. Gol ombok, S., Readings, J., Blake, L., Casey, P., Marks, A. Javda, V. (2011). Families created through surrogacy: Mother-child relationships and children’s psychological adjustment at age 7. Developmental Psychology, 47(6), 1579- 1588. Web. Hudson, W. (2012). Surrogate mom strives for organic living. CNN. Web. Steinbock, B. (2004). Payment for egg donation and surrogacy. The Mount Sinai  Journal of Medicine, 71(4), 255-265. Web. This essay on Biological Surrogacy in the United States was written and submitted by user Alissa P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Compound Modifiers

Compound Modifiers Compound Modifiers Compound Modifiers By Daniel Scocco The compound modifier is my very favorite piece of the English language. It’s a hobby of mine to go around hyphenating word groupings that are modifying unbeknownst to them. Once you learn what it’s all about, you’ll do the same. But, what is a compound modifier, you ask. Well, let me tell you†¦ The rule Which would you rather read? She looked up at the green sky and shrunk away from the white lightning or She looked up at the eerie-green sky and shrunk away from the white-hot lightning. A compound modifier refers to two or more words expressing a single concept. Regular adjectives modify nouns all the time, but a compound modifier goes much further. His yellow-green teeth were visible beneath a salt-and-pepper mustache. The words yellow and green, and salt and pepper are adjectives modifying the nouns teeth and mustache. Since they appear before the noun, they are hyphenated. If they followed the noun, they would no longer be hyphenated. From underneath his mustache, which looked like salt and pepper, you could see his teeth of yellow and green. Exceptions The only time the compound modifier is not hyphenated ahead of the noun is if the word very or an adverb ending in ly is used. For instance: The very dark sky hovered over us versus The raven-black sky hovered over us. Sometimes the compound modifier does keep the hyphenation after the noun – when it follows a form of the verb to be. For example: The soup was water-thin, but delicious all the same. More examples The shelves were buckling under the weight of dust-covered books. Books covered in dust filled the buckling shelves. Books, which were dust-covered, filled the sprawling shelves. We followed the man through a poorly lit corridor. The room we entered was well-lit. We entered a well-lit room. We followed him into a room, well lit with candles and a fire. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative Conflict50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy ProductsPunctuation Is Powerful

The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins - Coursework Example Anne Catherick is â€Å"the woman in white† in the book (Pykett, 40). She is mentally ill and is locked up in a psychiatric hospital. She has a striking resemblance to her sister Laura Fairlie. She escapes from the asylum. It is after the escape that she meets with the main character in the story Walter Hartright on his way to work at the Limmerage House. Laura also falls in love with Walter when he moves to Limmerage House in Cumberland to work as a drawing master. She is however bound to her secretive and mysterious husband Sir Percival Glyde, who at times assaults her, but even the law cannot protect her. Glyde tells his best friend Count Fosco of the resemblance between Laura and Anne. They come up with a scheme switch Laura’s identity with that of her sister Anne after Anne’s death. The plan succeeds, and Glyde then inherits Laura’s marriage settlement worth 20,000 pounds. When Walter returns from Honduras, he is determined to restore Laura’s real identity. While doing his researches, Walter discovers that Glyde was a con. His title and property were illicit. Glyde suspects Walter is about to discover his secret. He tries to destroy the registry entry to hide his secret. In the process, the church burns down and Glyde dies in the fire. Walter confronts Laura’s mother and learns that Anne and Laura have the same father. Fosco tries to flee from the country, but Walter catches him and forces him to write a confession that can enable him restore Laura’s identity. Their son becomes the heir of Limmerage. (Pykett, 127). As seen through the experiences that Anne, Laura and other female characters go through in the book, Wilkie Collins paints a picture of a society that mistreats and oppresses women just because of their gender. Women undergo many forms of mistreatments including assaults by their husbands to denial of the rightful inheritances by their male siblings. Through the book, the writer paints a

THE EFFECT OF FAIR DEALING (FD) FOR DIGITAL CONTENT (DC) IN CANADIAN Research Paper

THE EFFECT OF FAIR DEALING (FD) FOR DIGITAL CONTENT (DC) IN CANADIAN DISTANCE EDUCATION (DE) - Research Paper Example IF YOU IMPROVE THIS ASPECT OF YOUR PAPER, YOUR MARK WILL IMPROVE. This paper is about Canada’s move towards copyright reform and how it affects distance education. Copyright affects education in a fundamental way as all course books and reference books come under the Copyright act. Due to the explosion of technology, vast quantity of information is available on the internet to be used by educators and students; but by accessing that information they might be stepping on legal boundaries. It is necessary that students and educators are aware of complex copyright issues that may make their institutions liable. The field of distance education is dependent on telecommunication and digital content, thus copyright laws directly affect distance education. It is important that distance educators and instructors involved in online courses are aware of copyright laws and clearance procedures, and the resources available to assist in these procedures (Wallace, 2004). Distance educators are the developers of academic and course content for this form of education; they should be fully aware of copyright laws as well as their rights according to fair dealing. The CCH, (2004) case established that fair dealing encompasses use of copyrighted material for private study purposes. Bill C-32 takes matters further by including education under fair dealing thus aiding distance educators in compiling course materials. However, Bill C-32 contains provisions that prohibit use of materials on digital formats which are digitally locked. These provisions are detrimental to distance education as they exclude legal uses of copyrighted material due to digital locks (Guest, 2010; Chan, 2009). Based on these developments, the distance educators and instructors must make sure that they and their students do not violate complicated copyright laws by circumventing digital locks. This paper focuses on the consequences of copyright laws and fair

Definition And Conditions Of Decision Making Tourism Essay

Definition And Conditions Of Decision Making Tourism Essay As managers and entrepreneurs, we should have confidence in our decisions, but can we? Discuss with regard to your ability as a decision maker and the tools and methods available to assist decision making. Entrepreneur and managers are no longer able to have confidence in their decision. Because even good managers make mistakes in their decision making process. Therefore, there are many of the business organisations trying to find out the best method of decision making process. Nevertheless, many of them experience end in failure or sink in the business world. Because, decision making of organisation, as it operates with in the organisation, implies that increasing unexpected complexity in environment uncertainty. And this uncertainty means that decision makers do not have sufficient information about environmental factors, and they have a difficult time predicting internal or external changes. So, uncertainty increases the risk of failure for organisational responses and makes it difficult to compute costs and probabilities associated with decision alternatives. Therefore, any organisations want to success in their business, it is essential to use suitable decision making tools and me thods. To understand this essay better, defining the term of decision making is necessary. According to Fitzgerald, decision making involves the choice of an alternative from among a series of competing alternatives (2002, p. 8). And theories of decision making are concerned with how such choices are made. This essay will explain nature of decision making, tools and methods of decision making process and steps in decision making to assist decision makers. Finally, availability of those tools and methods by managers and entrepreneurs will be discussed to assist their decision making process. First of all, nature of decision making should be identified before it discusses about its tools and methods. The definition of decision making is explained in introduction. However, decision making conditions are should be concerned before the actual decisions have been made because the decisions are not always made under same amount of available information (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 76). The conditions which give influence to decision making process are: certainty, risk and uncertainty. Situation of certainty means that decision maker knows every alternative outcome from the decision so he/she can make decision precisely. For example, if manager have to make decision on which transport service he/she will use between by air or by train to deliver their product or service, it is obvious that air will take relatively shorter time but higher cost than train, and train will take longer time but lower cost than airplane. Unfortunately, each alternative brings different outcomes and this is not always known in advance. Therefore, decision makers are only able to estimate their relative probabilities of outcomes. According to Williams, perception of risk means the amount of uncertainty or lack of predictability concerning the outcome of a decision (2002, p. 86). This is called a situation of risk. Generally, exact prediction about probabilities of various outcomes is impossible. Thus, managers may make their decision based on past experience and historical data. However, Russo and Schoemarker said people do not learn easily from experience because is requires pro-found skills (1990, p. 174). Although, risk can never be eliminated from decision making process, decision makers can attempt to minimize its impact on their outcome with technique of learning from experience and forecasting from historical data. When there is very little or no reliable information to estimate the variety of possible outcomes fro decision maker, this is called situation of uncertainty. Moreover, this means that the decision maker does not have any knowledge that concerns the possibilities related with different outcomes. In this circumstance, decision maker may take one of several approaches. First approach is the maximax approach. Rue Byars selecting the alternative whose best possible outcomes is the best of all possible outcomes for all alternatives (2007, p. 77). In the second approach, the maximin approach refers comparing the worst possible outcomes for each alternative and selecting the one that is least undesirable (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 77). And the last approach is the risk-averting approach. This approach can be resulted in more effective planning because it is chosen by the alternative with the least fluctuation among its possible outcomes (2007, p. 78). The conditions for decision making occupy important position in decision making process by guiding decision makers which decision making model they should use. Therefore, decision makers should keep in mind those conditions before they make actual decision for organisations. Decision making tools and methods in decision process support decision makers to understand complex phenomena in managerial activities. Those tools and methods are able to maximise managerial options within decision making process specifically and describe its situations clearly. The tools are for fostering making creative decision. And the methods have rational and intuitive methods for effective decision making. By using these tools and methods, the triple bottom line and managers corporate social responsibility should be concerned together. According to Williams, creative problem solving is not easy and applying the tools requires time, resources, and effort (2002, p. 149). However, to improve the quality of organisations important decision making process, creative decision making techniques are essential. These techniques are such as brainstorming, Gordon technique, nominal group technique, and synectics. Brainstorming can be explained as producing a large quantity of solution on a problem to find out its solution among them. By using this tool, there is initially no criticism and question of idea should be allowed. Then combinations of solutions can be used as decision making tool for improvement of organisation. Gordon technique is similar with brainstorming but it can be differ from that group leader knows the exact nature of the real problem under consideration (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 84). Nominal group technique is involving few steps as highly structured technique. The order of steps is listening recording voting-discussion final voting. This technique minimizes personal interactions to maximize their activity and reduce pressure from conformity with group decision. The synectics is a relatively new technique used in creative decision making process. This technique uses metaphorical thinking to make the familiar strange and the strange familiar (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 85). None of those techniques is a perfect tool for assisting decision makers activity. Each technique should be considered as a just tool that can facilitate proper decision making process by decision makers. Rational decision making method is the most pervasive and influential and to use rational decision making effectively, this includes the following steps: recognising and defining the situation, developing alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting the best alternative, implementation, and follow-up and evaluation (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter, 2006, p. 208-212). First, when problem exist, it is necessary to find out what kind of problem it is including organisations current situation. The gap between the current situation and existing problem can be identified in this step. Second, developing alternatives is for finding a cause of problem in the situation and gathering information concerning the current state of affairs. Third, evaluating alternatives has a role for helping decision maker to evaluate a solution from among the available alternatives. Forth, selecting the best alternatives is choosing the best option from among the evaluated alternatives. Fifth, implementati on refers that decision maker is putting the decision he/she chosen into actual organisational activities. Sixth, the last step is evaluating the effectiveness of the implemented decision by decision maker. These steps assist decision maker to optimize organisations outcome. Fitzgerald believes that embedded within the rational model is the belief that managers actually optimize their decision making behaviour by deliberately choosing and implementing the best alternatives (2002, p.13). On the other hand there are similar but slightly different approach is included in rational method. That is satisficing approach. The difference between optimizing approach and satisficing approach in rational method is satisficing is selecting the first alternative that meets the decision makers minimum standard of satisfaction instead of selecting the best possible alternative from among every possible alternative (Rue Byars, 2007, p. 74). Intuitive decision making method is used when decision maker decide organisational decision bases on hunches and intuition (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter, 2006, p. 216). Moreover, Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter defined intuitive decision making as a subconscious process of making decisions on basis of experience and accumulated judgement (2006, p. 216). That means an emotional decision is put into action by decision maker from their mind in decision making process. The emotional attachment can lead manager to poor decisions or can be very real especially who are living in the past. However, the key is manager should not ignore when the available information exist. Intuition plays an important role in decision making process. Consequently, it can be said managers experience and judgement is important when he/she faces the decision making situation. Learning from the past is not easy but once it has become your knowledge, it can be important resource for decision making as a dec ision maker (Williams, 2002, p. 153). In conclusion, this essay discussed about definition and conditions of decision making. The different conditions such as certainty, risk and uncertainty give different influence on decision making process. And the tools and methods have been identified as that can promote improvement of organisation by decision making and several steps in decision making methods to assist decision managers and entrepreneurs. The tools in decision making process allow improving the quality of organisations important decision. Then the methods in decision making are more related to assist decision makers to put one of the possible alternatives on actual action. Decision making process can be improved by recognising conditions of decision making and applying appropriate tools and methods to problems decision maker is faced. To be effective and efficient in decision making process, managers need to be open to new information and others opinion. If managers and entrepreneurs apply creative and sufficient decision making skills in their decision making process, there are various solutions to achieve their goal or overcome their problem will be allowed without failure in decision making.

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

Death Penalty The death penalty, outlawed in most of Europe, Canada, Australia and most other countries in the world, is still practiced in almost 40 states in the U.S. Today, there are more than 3,000 people on death row waiting the day of their execution. They are put to death by methods such as hanging, electrocution, lethal injection and by firing squad. Since the death penalty was reinstated bye the supreme court in 1976, by the Gregg v. Georgia decision, more than 525 people have been put to death. Today there are many people for the death penalty and see nothing wrong with it but there are many people who feel hat it constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. The 8th amendment of the U.S. protects its citizens from cruel and unusual punishment but the death penalty hasn’t fell under the amendment yet. Nobody on either side of the death penalty debate wants to see an innocent person put to death, and yet studies have found that one in seven people sent to death row are later proven innocent. Still more innocent people are being sent to death row each year. In one case a prisoner was two days away from being executed when he was proven innocent. That means that many people reach death before they are proven innocent. In the last twenty-four years eighty-five innocent people have been released from death row, and will never get back the years of their lives they missed but just escaped a murder of themselves. In Illinois the governor has blocked executions to find out why more death row inmates have been found innocent and released than executed. The governor of Illinois is not the only one examing the death penalty but many others are looking further into the capital punishment. New technologies, like DNA testing, have made it possible to definitely prove or disapprove innocence in hundreds of cases where genetic evidence has been preserved. In many cases DNA evidence has been a troublesome effort, requiring lots of resources and sometimes taking years of effort to work. Many people, regardless of their viewpoint about the constitutionality of the death penalty, would agree that if a person was going to trial and could be executed, he would be represented fairly. However there are factors unrelated to the crime that have been committed that determines who gets executed and who doesn’t. Those factors are poverty, race, and geography. It has been pr... ...egulations concerning the death penalty. Something so important as a person living or put to death should be a nation wide regulated act not for each state to have its own standards and rules. The death penalty should be banned because of many reasons, which make it unfair. In order to live if you are innocent and convicted of a crime and receive the death penalty you have to be white, very wealthy to provide a good representation and have to live in a state, which doesn’t strongly use the capital punishment for sentencing. Many studies show that a majority of people favor alternatives to the death penalty such as life in prison without parole plus restitution to the victim’s family. Out of three hundred and fifty convictions in which a person was given the death penalty and proven that they didn’t commit the crime, twenty-three were executed before they could be released. This means all of the years they sat in jail knowing their innocence they didn’t get to find out that they were proven not guilty by the system. I don’t think anyone would want to be in their position so the death penalty should be abolished for many reasons until it is fair and 100 % right in its convictions.

Modern Virtue Ethics Essay

To what extent do modern virtue ethics address the weaknesses of Aristotle’s teaching on virtues? (35) Virtue Ethics looks at a person’s good traits, known as ‘virtues’ and negative traits, known as ‘vices’; a person is considered to be a good person if they are virtuous and a morally bad person if they have developed lots of vices. Deontological and teleological ethicists argue that good or bad behaviour is far more important than a person’s good or bad characteristics whereas Virtue Theory argues it is only by becoming a better person that we will engage in the ‘right’ behaviour; Virtue Theory looks at the agent in itself and rather than the action. The key concepts of Virtue Ethics were first penned by the ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle and in more recent times have been adapted and added to by Alasdair MacIntyre. Aristotle’s theory is made up of many key features, including Moral Virtues, The Doctrine of the Mean, Eudaimonia, and Friendship and the Community. According to Aristotle, everything has a purpose, for example, pens, their purpose is to write, if the pen fulfils its purpose and writes well, it is a good pen. In the same way, if we equate Eudaimonia to the pen, Eudaimonia is the supreme goal of human life, if a person reaches Eudaimonia, they are a considered a good person as the purpose was to be happy, therefore they have reached their purpose, just as the pen reaches its own. He also argued that every action comes down to this aim, every human being desires to be as happy as possible. An example of this is to ask a Doctor or a Lawyer why they chose such professions, the majority would answer that they chose this profession because it pays well and they believed that being paid well would lead to an easier and happy life, or Eudaimonia. Aristotle’s theory also says that relationships and friendships play a very important role in how we behave as people and how our actions are determined; we should all aim to individually achieve Eudaimonia, which would therefore achieve the greatest good for society as a whole as everyone would be happier; Aristotle sees our communal friendships and relationships as a vital part of our moral code and flourishing as a virtuous being. As previously mentioned, a good life involves developing a good character and these are known as moral virtues which are cultivated by habit; one must practice these good virtues in order to adopt them. Some of the key virtues Aristotle spoke of include modesty, generosity, patience, truthfulness and friendliness. Aristotle also spoke of Intellectual Virtues and Cardinal Virtues. Aristotle believed that we should aim to be virtuous people and avoid vices. Aristotle’s theory is centered around the concept of The Doctrine of the Mean; this states that there are two different vices that accompany every virtue- the Vice of Deficiency and the Vice of Excess. The Vice of Deficiency refers to a distinct lack of virtues, whereas the Vice of Excess refers to too much of the virtue being present. For example, modesty, if there is a distinct lack of this virtue, it may result in shamelessness and if there is too much of this virtue, it may result in shyness. Aristotle argued that the ‘Golden (or Virtuous) Mean’ is the middle of these to extremes and that is what people should aim to have. Aristotle’s theory is very logical and encourages people to adopt good characteristics which in an ideal world would result in every individual being as happy as possible; however there are many criticisms of this theory. For example, it is somewhat unclear of what is considered a virtue and what is considered a vice and it is also unclear of who is responsible for deciding these; as well as this, it could be argued that it is not possible to measure these virtues. It could also be argued that if every individual had exactly the same characteristics, everyone would be the same and the world be become mundane and monotonous. Virtue Ethics also does not provide clear guidelines or rules of how to act in specific circumstances and is vague and subjective. Alasdair Macintyre is a Scottish philosopher, whose writing dates to the 20th Century CE. He made an attempt to alter Aristotle’s theory in order to make it more relative and contexualise the ideas. Macintyre felt that morality had become lax and felt that they had become far hypothetical. He felt that people focused more on how an ethical theory would hold up under uncommon and unrealistic circumstances rather than situations where morality counts. He believed that we should understand the context of ethics before attempting to fix modern moral dilemmas. Macintyre’s belief in context as the central part to ethical decision making shows us that he is relative in his ideology. He believed that virtues would change over time naturally, for example, bravery for us is a person that confronts a gang of youths, throwing rocks at windows, or a police tackling a burglar, however 2000 years ago, bravery was considered as a man dying in battle, for his country. This is an attempt at addressing a weakness of Aristotelian Virtue Ethics, as it would encourage the person to look at the time and place before deciding whether the character traits are good or not. It has to be said that what may be considered good in the Congo may not necessarily be considered good in Brixton, London. Finally Macintyre addresses the issue of External and Internal goods. Internal Goods are what he calls, the qualities of a person’s character. The External Goods are the things that a person relies on, for example,food or a decent living arrangement. He states that although these are valuable to the human nature, they can be considered good or bad. However the Internal Goods are the most important. This gives more relativism than Aristotelian Virtue Ethics which can be considered an improvement. In conclusion I feel that Alasdair Macintyre has made a good attempt to improve and change Aristotle’s version of Virtue Ethics, however we can still see some weaknesses. For example, it is even more relative than Aristotle’s version and this can lead to ambiguity when facing a moral dilemma. This has not been addressed, in the modern version by Macintyre. It also does not eliminate the idea of universal virtues to achieve Eudaimonia. This is problematic. So, I feel that his attempt must be congratulated but I do not feel that it has been entirely successful as there are still elements which could be improved further.

Factors Of Production To Carry Out Business Activity Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1459 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? A business employs factors of production to carry out its business activity. It is very important for a business to be sure that all its resources are allocated efficiently in order to be profitable. The most important, vital and significant resource of a company is the people it employs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors Of Production To Carry Out Business Activity Business Essay" essay for you Create order Due to increasing globalization and competition, the productivity of labour has become increasingly important for the companies in determining its efficiency. Businesses, like those in service sector, whose staff deal directly with its consumers need to be very conscious about he motivation level of their employees. Motivation has become important for the business to gain competitive edge by attracting the best recruits. They must be aware that to win completion, it is important for them to attract and retain the best labour possible. Motivation is a set of various activities that determined a person to engage in particular behaviour. A motivated labour force helps business to achieve its goals profitably. An unmotivated labour may not work quickly, efficiently and provides the minimum of what is expected of them. Motivation for work is one of the elementary determinants of organizational and individual performance. Motivated labour is the cornerstone of all organizations and this holds true in, non-profit sectors, the public and the private. many of the studies( Eskildsen Dahlgaad 2000) show that a happy labour force is highly motivated work more efficiently and effective, have good spirit at work ,have good morale at work and work more effectively and efficiently and hence worker satisfaction, therefore, directly impacts process quality. Process quality then determines customer satisfaction and quality cost. Research shows, in Pakistan, it has become a major challenge for the commercial banks to encourage employees to provide quality services. This is because there is a strong struggle among the banks in Pakistan to assure best quality services to their clientele. The commercial banks have a vital role in the global economy and employees are the major source of delivering goods and services to their clientele. The excellent service offered and provided by the employees has the ability to create a positive and a long lasting image in the eyes of consume rs. Introduction to the company: Company history and background: Habib bank, also commonly known as HBL is headquartered in Habib bank plaza in the city of Karachi, pakisatna.HBL is the largest bank of Pakistan with a huge network of 1425 branches within Pakistan and 55 branches around the world. Habib bank holds a domestic market share of approximately 40% and has continued to dominate the commercial banking sector. Overseas it operates in the following countries: Australia, Afghanistan, Belgium, Bangladesh, china, Canada, France, Iran, Hong Kong, Bahrain, Lebanon, Maldives, Kenya, Nigeria, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Oman, UK, USA, UAE, Turkey, Nepal and Netherlands.(scribd.com) 250px-Location_of_branches_of_Habib_Bank The founder of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah realized how important was the establishment of financial intermediation as his campaigned for the creating of Pakistan. Jinnah persuaded the Habib family to establish a commercial bank with its headquarters in Mumbai. The efforts resulted in the creation of Habib bank in 1942 with a fixed capital of about 25000 rupees. Habib bank played an important in financing the campaign of all India- Muslim leagues that aimed to establish Pakistan. This bank also played a significant role in channelling relief funds to those people that got hurt in the day to day communal riot that preceded the departure of the British from the land of India After the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, Jinnah urged Habib bank to move its head quarter to Karachi, the first capital of Pakistan. This gave the newly formed state, Islamic republic of Pakistan, its first commercial bank in Karachi. Habib bank limited was incorporated on august 25th 1941 operating in the private sector until in 1974 it was nationalized. Services offered by the company: Habib bank provides the basic range of banking services to its clientele that includes corporate, commercial, retail banking and investment, Islamic banking and treasury. Company description: The banking company, Habib bank limited is engaged in retail and commercial banking and related services in domestic and overseas market. Brand of HBL: HBL states: our brand identity is an expression of what we are standing for as an organization. This is expressed by our mission statement, our vision and all is supported by our values. Vision: Letting people to advance with success and confidence Mission statement and the ultimate mission of HBL : To be Pakistans leading financial institution and largest bank that emerges in the international market, providing its customers with exceptional innovative services while granting superior value to the employees, customers and shareholders of the company. To create a good value for shareholders, let the staff excel and make our customers precious prosper. Values of HBL: Its the companys values that makes it unique and define its excellent culture. It includes: Excellence Customer focus Integrity Meritocracy Progressiveness Research Objectives The purpose of this research is to use the different approaches/methodologies to achieve the objectives of my research. To evaluate the possible effect of motivation on employees work performance. To critically appraise current motivation strategies and their effectiveness in Habib Bank Limited. To make recommendation for the design and implementation of organizational motivational policies in Habib Bank Limited in order to improve productivity. Research Questions What methods does Habib Bank Limited currently use to motivate staff? How can the effectiveness of motivation strategies in Habib Bank Limited be measured How effective are Habib bank motivation strategies and what recommendations can be made for their improvement? Rational: Choosing a research topic is not as easy. It requires extensive study and research before any conclusions can be reached. For my research, the process involves identifying factors that may leave an impact upon motivation level. Next step was to measure the motivation (highly motivating, moderately motivating not motivating) and then measuring he impact on work performance. As employee work performance is an essential element of banking sector, this research will provide me a deeper insight into the complexities and problems that our service sector specially banks encounter. This will also allow me to deeply study Pakistans largest bank which will be add greatly to my knowledge. Personal motivation: I took a keen interest in Human Resources Management during my college days but I took admission in M.Sc (Physics), I completed my Masters ( Physics) in my home country (Pakistan) and started work as a teacher in college. When I came here (UK), most of my colleagues completed their MBAs in their respective fields. I contacted them and enquired about the subject .At last I took admission in Kaplan (London) which is famous for imparting quality education worldwide. After completing my degree ,I will choose Human Resources Management as a field in the future and I hope it will also expand my vision and will impart me the qualities which are important for a Human Resources Manger. It is readily accepted that Human Resources Management is an important branch for any organisation and for its success to achieve the goals. Therefore, there is a demand for qualified and well trained Human Resource Professionals in all branches. It is an extremely competitive region and for this purpos e, I will increase my qualification in this field. Therefore having a strong background in Human Resources I would like to start a new field for myself as a human resource expert in the future and this topic will give a vast exploration in this field and will broaden my knowledge in this field. Significance for Habib bank limited: It is hoped that the conclusion of this study will be of immense significance to management and policy maker of the Habib Bank Limited. It will not only provide them an advantage to reassess their organizational policies but will also allow them to address the minor problems and existing dissatisfaction in its employees that have been revealed through this report. Not only this, but HBL can also take advantage of the questionnaire that had been designed for the purpose. It will let them know what the maximum of their employees feel about their organisation and work. They can also measure their responsiveness to the set questions and respond to the needs practically. ACADEMIC UNDERSTANDING From an academic point of view, this research will contribute to the present opinion and will help many other students and researchers. it will be provide a comprehensive foundation for further study. It will not only highlight and explore factors that determine motivational strategies and their impact on the motivation of employees but will also identify endeavours that will help influence the commercial banks for a consideration of a more structured and systematic approach, acknowledge employees efforts which would then flourish culture of high performance in Pakistans commercial banks.